Dawn throttling down

Dawn’s journey ever-deeper into the asteroid belt continues to go well, as the spacecraft carries out its familiar routine of thrusting gently with its ion propulsion system. But the interplanetary traveler has changed some of its habits, performing certain activities a little differently now from what its many followers have been accustomed to.

Dawn is now so far from the sun, that even with its tremendous solar arrays, the most powerful ever used on an interplanetary mission, it does not receive enough sunlight to generate sufficient electrical power to operate all systems and still achieve maximum thrust.

The largest consumer of power onboard the ship, the ion propulsion system is power hungry. Indeed, the key to its remarkable effectiveness is that, in concert with the solar arrays, it converts the renewable energy from the omnipresent sunlight into thrust with a high velocity beam of xenon ions, in contrast to conventional propulsion systems, which only work with the more limited energy stored within the chemical propellants. … (SpaceDaily)

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NASAApp

I’m not much into the customer policy Apple has adapted, because basically I like to own the stuff that I buy, like Steve Jobs and all those others clinging to their worldly possessions, wanting to decide what they want to do with it.

But anyhow, if you don’t mind the mind boggling behavior of people you provide their daily bread for by buying and using an iPhone, if you’re a user this app might be worth your while: New NASA HD App for iPad With Expanded Content Available Free.

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What’s Koppernigk about? (category: worthless stats)

Here’s a graph showing you what Koppernigk writes about. Remember that the sum of all category numbers is more than 1500, because multiple categories can be assigned to one post. So you see 1500 blog entries (not including this one) and 2308 category entries. Oh, and this is blog post 1501.

click to enlarge

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A 1500th blog post shouldn’t be celebrated

Isn’t it stupid to celebrate based on random numbers, just because they look nice? This is my 1500th blog post since December 11, 2006 when “The Cookie has Spoken” changed its destiny and became this astronomy blog. Eventually the name changed as well, to Koppernigk, named after a man of science.

It’s better to congratulate someone else with an achievement in real science, not based on random numbers. Congratulations to Edward Cheung, born on Aruba, working on the HST and still visiting his home to educate the kids in astronomy. Albeit a resident of the US, still a bit of a countryman, because Aruba and Netherlands are both part of the official kingdom of the Netherlands.

He received a well deserved honor from our Queen Beatrix, and became Ridder in de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw. More on  SPACE.com or on the official Aruba site.

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Maybe he killed Marv the Martian

Experiments prompted by a 2008 surprise from NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander suggest that soil examined by NASA’s Viking Mars landers in 1976 may have contained carbon-based chemical building blocks of life.

“This doesn’t say anything about the question of whether or not life has existed on Mars, but it could make a big difference in how we look for evidence to answer that question,” said Chris McKay of NASA’s Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. McKay coauthored a study published online by the Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets, reanalyzing results of Viking’s tests for organic chemicals in Martian soil.

The only organic chemicals identified when the Viking landers heated samples of Martian soil were chloromethane and dichloromethane — chlorine compounds interpreted at the time as likely contaminants from cleaning fluids. But those chemicals are exactly what the new study found when a little perchlorate — the surprise finding from Phoenix — was added to desert soil from Chile containing organics and analyzed in the manner of the Viking tests.

“Our results suggest that not only organics, but also perchlorate, may have been present in the soil at both Viking landing sites,” said the study’s lead author, Rafael Navarro-González of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City. … (JPL)

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A hot rendez-vous

NASA has started development of the Solar Probe Plus, a probe that will get as close as 4 million kilometers to the Sun’s surface. Compare that to about 50,000 km from Earth. That might give even better pictures than ever before:

… The small car-sized spacecraft will plunge directly into the sun’s atmosphere approximately four million miles from our star’s surface. It will explore a region no other spacecraft ever has encountered. NASA has selected five science investigations that will unlock the sun’s biggest mysteries.

“The experiments selected for Solar Probe Plus are specifically designed to solve two key questions of solar physics — why is the sun’s outer atmosphere so much hotter than the sun’s visible surface and what propels the solar wind that affects Earth and our solar system? ” said Dick Fisher, director of NASA’s Heliophysics Division in Washington. “We’ve been struggling with these questions for decades and this mission should finally provide those answers.”

As the spacecraft approaches the sun, its revolutionary carbon-composite heat shield must withstand temperatures exceeding 2550 degrees Fahrenheit and blasts of intense radiation. The spacecraft will have an up close and personal view of the sun enabling scientists to better understand, characterize and forecast the radiation environment for future space explorers. … (NASA)

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Want a threat, don’t get a threat

NASA’s new course (if Congress permits) is to put astronauts on an asteroid. Two goals can be achieved by landing on such a piece of solar system debris: first to find out how to disarm such a projectile when it’s flying in the direction of Earth, and second to function as a first stage to Mars. Problem is you have to find an asteroid quite close to Earth, else you could better fly to Mars directly. Turns out there are very few of those critters flying around. NASA only found two so far:

NASA may appear to have its pick of thousands of known asteroids for a manned mission, but only two are good targets within the next 20 years.

An asteroid mission requires a large-enough destination that astronauts could reach within a few months of launch from Earth, says Lindley Johnson, head of NASA’s Near-Earth Object program in Washington. Other limits to such an ambitious undertaking include the viewing range of ground-based telescopes.

“They don’t come all that close all that often,” Johnson said at a NASA workshop on NEOs three weeks ago.

While NASA admits more knowledge about objects that pass within 28 million miles (45 million km) of Earth could increase the number of possible destinations, only two currently meet the guidelines set out by the space agency in its attempt to send a manned mission to an asteroid by 2025, a goal set by President Barack Obama. One of the asteroids could be reached in 2020 and the other in 2025.

A third candidate would not be within range until 2045. (SPACE.com)

Well, for the time being one is enough, methinks.

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